SECTION 3 CHAPTER 8 ANNEX A

AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS FOR EQUIPMENT WITH NON-RECHARGEABLE LI-ION BATTERIES

CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 - Introduction

Purpose

Scope

Non-rechargeable Lithium cells, Batteries and Batteries within End Items Covered in this Annex

Background

CHAPTER 2 - Installation of Lithium Batteries on Aircraft

Certification Process

Acceptable Means of Compliance (MOC) for Installation Approval

Test Requirements

Means of Compliance Testing and Validation

System Safety Assessment

Software

Complex Electronic Hardware

State of Charge

Flammability

Instructions for Continued Airworthiness (ICA)

CHAPTER 3 - Maintenance and Operational Considerations for Lithium Batteries

Introduction

Aircraft Battery Maintenance

Aircraft Battery Replacement

Aircraft Battery Storage and Handling

Appendix A. Related Regulations and Documents

A.1    Regulations

A.2    Advisory Circulars

A.3    Orders and Handbooks 3

A.4    Other

A.5    Industry Documents

Appendix B.  Terms and Definitions

Appendix C. Previously Issued Non-rechargeable Lithium Battery Special Conditions for Transport Airplanes

Appendix D. Guidance for Installing Non-rechargeable Lithium Batteries on Transport Airplanes

Appendix E. Safety Objectives and MoC for Installation of Non-rechargeable Lithium Batteries on Rotorcraft

E.1    Safety Objectives (SO’s)

E.2    Method of Compliance (MOC)

E.3    Part 27 and 29 Compliance

Appendix F. Certification considerations of Non-Rechargeable Lithium Batteries on Small Airplanes

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

1.    Purpose

1.1.    This Annex provides an acceptable means to show compliance to the airworthiness requirements for installed non-rechargeable Lithium cells, batteries and batteries within end items on aircraft as defined in RTCA, Inc., document RTCA DO-227A, Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Non-Rechargeable Lithium Batteries. This Annex provides guidance on how to obtain installation approval for installed non-rechargeable Lithium cells, batteries and batteries within end items on aircraft.

1.2.    The guidance in this Annex is intended for battery manufacturers, installers, maintenance personnel, and users of installed non-rechargeable lithium cells, batteries and batteries within end items on aircraft. The term “must” within this Annex, refers to mandatory requirements necessary to show compliance.

1.3.    For the purpose of this Annex, all installed non-rechargeable lithium cells, batteries and batteries within end items will be referred to as lithium batteries.

2.    Scope

2.1.    Chapter 2 of this Annex applies to the certification of installed lithium batteries on aircraft approved pursuant to Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) parts 23, 25, 27, and 29 for:

2.1.1.    Type certificates (TC)

2.1.2.    Amended type certificates (ATC)

2.1.3.    Supplemental type certificates (STC)

2.1.4.    Amended supplemental type certificates (ASTC)

2.1.5.    Parts manufacturer approvals (PMA).

2.2.    Chapter 3 of this Annex provides guidance on maintenance and operational considerations for lithium batteries on aircraft.

3.    Non-rechargeable Lithium cells, Batteries and Batteries within End Items Covered in this Annex

3.1.    Lithium batteries are installed in various aircraft types and serve various purposes. Lithium batteries are of different sizes, chemistries, and produced under different manufacturing processes. They are also of different levels of complexity. Some of the benefits of lithium batteries include weight savings, high energy density per unit weight and per unit volume, relatively constant voltage during discharge, good low-temperature performance, and long shelf life. Because of their high energy content and potential thermal instability, lithium batteries can present hazards if improperly designed, tested, used, and/or stored. Some of the uses for lithium batteries on today’s aircraft include, but are not limited to:

3.1.1.    Emergency Locater Transmitters

3.1.2.    Defibrillators

3.1.3.    Back up batteries for avionics equipment

3.1.4.    Special function batteries (such as flashlights, electronic equipment, life vests, safety equipment, avionics equipment, communications equipment, and emergency medical equipment).

3.2.    Lithium batteries have certain failure and operational characteristics, as well as maintenance requirements that differ significantly from those of aircraft nickel-cadmium and lead-acid non-rechargeable batteries. The introduction of lithium batteries into aircraft raises some concern about associated battery monitoring systems (such as temperature or state of charge) and should be evaluated and tested regarding the expected extremes in the aircraft operating environment. Lithium batteries typically have different electrical impedance characteristics than lead-acid or nickel-cadmium batteries. Other components of the aircraft electrical system should be evaluated regarding these characteristics as a system.
3.3.    Lithium batteries have certain failure conditions due to impurities, manufacturing defects, foreign object deposit or abuse/misuse of the battery. These conditions have known to create conditions that may result in thermal runaway (per RTCA DO-227A, Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Non-Rechargeable Lithium Batteries). A thermal runaway results from the initiation of an irreversible exothermic chemical reaction within the cell causing an uncontrollable release of internal electrical and chemical energy resulting in a rapid and accelerating temperature rise to a peak, with an accompanying collapse of cell voltage, and the chemical decomposition of metallic Lithium.

4.    Background

4.1.    The proposed use of lithium batteries for equipment and systems on the aircraft has prompted the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to review the adequacy of its guidance.

4.2.    At present, there is limited in-service experience with the use of lithium battery technology in applications on aircraft. However, users of this technology from aircraft operators to personal computer users, wireless manufacturers, and the electric vehicle industry have noted safety problems with lithium batteries. These conditions may result from imbalance, reverse charge over-discharging, flammability of cell components and internal cell defects. In general, lithium batteries are significantly more susceptible to internal failures that can result in self-sustaining increases in temperature and pressure (thermal runaway) than nickel-cadmium or lead-acid batteries. Results of the above mentioned failures could lead to a potentially dangerous smoke, fire and/or fume event.

4.2.1.    Fast or Imbalanced discharging. Fast discharging or an imbalanced discharge of one cell of a multi-cell battery may create an overheating condition that could result in an uncontrollable venting condition, leading to a potential thermal event or an explosion.

4.2.2.    Flammability. Unlike nickel-cadmium and lead-acid batteries, lithium batteries use higher energy and current in an electrochemical system to maximize energy storage of lithium. Some lithium battery manufacturers use liquid electrolytes and/or cathodes which is extremely flammable and/or explosive. The electrolyte and cathode, as well as the electrodes, can serve as a source of fuel for an external fire if the battery casing is breached.

4.2.3.    Internal Failures. In general, these batteries are significantly more susceptible to internal failures that can result in self-sustaining increases in temperature and pressure (i.e., thermal runaway) than their nickel-cadmium or lead-acid counterparts. The metallic lithium can ignite, resulting in a self-sustaining fire or explosion.

 
CHAPTER 2 - INSTALLATION OF LITHIUM BATTERIES ON AIRCRAFT

1.    Certification Process. This chapter provides certification guidance for the installation of lithium batteries on aircraft.

2.    Acceptable Means of Compliance (MOC) for Installation Approval

2.1.    Certification Plan. Prepare a certification plan that provides a method of compliance to the airworthiness regulations, including special conditions (if any) for the installation of the lithium batteries on the aircraft. We recommend submitting the certification plan early in the process. Include the following items at a minimum:

2.1.1.    Project description and schedule

2.1.2.    System description, including a description of the aircraft system interfaces and any aircraft system modifications made to accommodate the aircraft battery system installation

2.1.3.    System safety assessment

2.1.4.    Certification basis and MOC, including itemized MOC to all applicable requirements or special conditions

2.1.5.    Communication and coordination of the test plan(s)

2.1.6.    Conformity plan

2.1.7.    Instructions for continued airworthiness

2.1.8.    Compliance and substantiation documentation.

2.2.    Compliance Checklist. Lithium battery installations must meet all applicable airworthiness regulations applicable to the product and all applicable special condition imposed. The installations should also meet the guidance in this chapter and the applicable airworthiness regulations. Table 2 provides a guide to airworthiness regulations that may be applicable.

Note: For 14 CFR part 23, Table 2 lists applicable regulations with Amendment 23-64. Circa 2021, the Authority does not recognise FAR 23 Amendment 23-64. Consequently, for Defence aircraft having a FAR 23 primary certification code, amendment levels should use equivalent subpart regulations at the applicable amendment level respectively.

Table 2. Airworthiness Regulations Concerning Lithium Battery Installations

2.2.1.    Additional requirements (beyond those listed in Table 2) and method of compliance pertaining to lithium batteries are the following:

2.2.1.1.    For Part 23 Certificated Aircraft: See installation guidance in Appendix F of this Annex that addresses installing non-rechargeable lithium battery in part 23 airplanes.

2.2.1.2.    For Part 25 Certificated Aircraft: Non-rechargeable lithium batteries are considered to be novel and unique for the purposes of aircraft design and certification. As such, special conditions (SCs) for non-rechargeable lithium battery installations are required on transport category airplanes. Appendix C of this Annex provides typical non-rechargeable lithium battery SCs. Applicants, who elect to follow the SCs in Appendix C of this Annex for non-rechargeable lithium battery installations, should raise a suitable MCRI detailing these SCs. An acceptable method of compliance (MOC) with the non-rechargeable lithium battery SCs in Appendix C of this Annex and related Part 25 requirements is provided in Appendix D of this Annex. Appendix D of this Annex also provides guidance related to the applicability statements in previously issued non-rechargeable lithium battery SCs.

2.2.1.3.    For Parts 27 and 29 Certificated Rotorcraft: For rotorcraft, see Appendix E of this Annex for safety objective requirements and means of compliance.

2.2.1.4.    For Button and/or Coin cell batteries (less than 2Wh): The use of Underwriters Laboratories (UL) 1642 Standard is an acceptable MOC for showing that Safety Objectives 1 through 6 are met for 2 watt-hours of energy button/coin sized non-rechargeable lithium batteries . Meeting the minimum performance standard for TSO C142b-7 is an acceptable means of showing compliance for cells or batteries less than 5 Wh.

2.2.1.5.    For all aircraft in general: Interconnection of lithium battery cells in battery packs introduces failure modes that require unique design considerations, such as provisions for thermal management. Based on laboratory testing and events, both independent of aviation and within actual aviation applications, including the events of 2013, the FAA now more fully recognizes potential hazards and failure modes associated with non-rechargeable lithium batteries including:

2.2.1.5.1.    Internal failures: In general, lithium batteries are significantly more susceptible to internal failures that can result in self-sustaining increases in temperature and pressure (i.e., thermal runaway) than their nickel-cadmium or lead-acid counterparts. These failures can result in toxic, flammable, or corrosive fluid leakage, gas venting, fire and explosion.

2.2.1.5.2.    Fast or imbalanced discharging: Fast discharging or an imbalanced discharge of one cell of a multi-cell battery may create a thermal runaway that could result in an uncontrollable venting of corrosive flammable gases, fluid leakage, fire and explosion.

2.2.1.5.3.    Flammability: Lithium batteries contain more energy and deliver higher currents than nickel cadmium and lead acid batteries of similar size, and may use liquid electrolytes that can be extremely flammable. The electrolyte, as well as the electrodes, can be fuel for an external fire if the battery casing is breached.

2.2.2.    Some known potential hazards and failure modes associated with non-rechargeable lithium batteries are:

2.2.2.1.    Internal failures: In general, these batteries are significantly more susceptible to internal failures that can result in self-sustaining increases in temperature and pressure (i.e. thermal runaway) than their nickel-cadmium or lead-acid counterparts. The metallic lithium can ignite, resulting in a self-sustaining fire or explosion.

2.2.2.2.    Fast or imbalanced discharging: Fast discharging or an imbalanced discharge of one cell of a multi-cell battery may create an overheating condition that results in an uncontrollable venting condition, which in turn leads to a thermal event or an explosion.

2.2.2.3.    Flammability: Unlike nickel-cadmium and lead-acid batteries, lithium batteries use higher energy and current in an electrochemical system that can be configured to maximize energy storage of lithium. They also use liquid electrolytes that can be extremely flammable. The electrolyte, as well as the electrodes, can serve as a source of fuel for an external fire if the battery casing is breached.

3.    Test Requirements

3.1.    Environmental Test Requirements. Lithium battery systems on aircraft must meet environmental qualification standards in:

3.1.1.    RTCA/DO-160G, Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment, dated December 8, 2010, or the most recent revision

3.1.2.    RTCA DO-227A, Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Non- Rechargeable Lithium Batteries, dated September 21, 2017

3.1.3.    These environmental tests are representative of the conditions that the battery system may encounter during its life cycle. Consider the following areas when determining the scope and type of environmental tests:

3.1.3.1.    Equipment configuration

3.1.3.2.    Installation specific environment encountered on in-service platforms

3.1.3.3.    Duration of exposure periods

3.1.3.4.    Geographical locations

3.1.3.5.    Frequency of environmental occurrences alone or in combination with other approved systems.

4.    Means of Compliance Testing and Validation

4.1.    Ground and Flight Test Requirements for Installed Lithium Batteries

4.1.1.    When ground and/or flight tests are required per the compliance checklist for the project, the tests should be performed to demonstrate the lithium battery systems and the systems in which they are installed will perform their intended functions.

4.1.2.    When ground and/or flight tests are required per the compliance checklist for the project, they should be performed to demonstrate the lithium battery systems and the systems in which they are installed will not have any adverse effect on the aircraft.

4.1.3.    When an EMI/RFI test is required per the compliance checklist of the project. The electromagnetic compatibility test should be performed to determine the installation of the lithium battery does not have any adverse effect on aircraft systems and that the aircraft systems do not have any adverse effect on the lithium battery. Demonstrate the battery system functions during all intended aircraft operation.

5.    System Safety Assessment

5.1.    Perform a system safety assessment to show compliance with 25/27/29.1309, 23.2510 and all applicable special conditions/requirements. This assessment should address concerns associated with the installation of the lithium batteries, the possibility of direct (or indirect) injury to a person, any adverse effect on crew function, or any adverse effect on other aircraft equipment and systems. These adverse effects could be a result of normal operation or a failure in the lithium batteries. Your system safety assessment should consider, but not be limited to, the following:

5.1.1.    The level of hazards associated with installation and use of lithium batteries

5.1.2.    Whether the lithium batteries installation design assurance level is appropriate for performance and safety requirements based on location and intended function

5.1.3.    No interference due to any failures of the lithium batteries

5.1.4.    System separation and zonal analysis

5.1.5.    Impact on flight crew and egress procedures

5.1.6.    Protection against fire, smoke, and electrical shock hazards

5.1.7.    Other safety analysis appropriate to the system being installed

5.1.8.    Statement of compliance for each requirement.

5.2.    The safety assessment of the lithium battery installation should address the battery system, the aircraft interface, and the aircraft functional loads to which the battery system provides power.

6.    Software. All lithium batteries that use software should comply with RTCA/DO-178C, Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification, or equivalent, for the appropriate design assurance level. You can find additional guidance in the following FAA ACs:

6.1.    AC 25.1309-1A, System Design and Analysis

6.2.    AC 29-2C, Certification of Transport Category Rotorcraft

6.3.    AC 27-1B, Certification of Normal Category Rotorcraft

6.4.    AC 23.1309-1E, System Safety Analysis and Assessment for Part 23 Airplanes

6.5.    AC 20-115D, Airborne Software Development Assurance Using EUROCAE ED-12( ) and RTCA DO-178( ).

7.    Complex Electronic Hardware. All lithium batteries hardware that contains complex electronic hardware should comply with the most recent revision, of AC 20-152, RTCA, Inc., Document RTCA/DO-254, Design Assurance Guidance for Airborne Electronic Hardware, dated June 30, 2005.

8.    State of Charge. Lithium batteries that are not maintained at a high enough state of charge degrade at a significantly higher rate.

9.    Flammability

9.1.    Unlike nickel-cadmium and lead-acid cells, some types of lithium cells use electrolytes in a liquid state known to be flammable. This material can serve as a source of fuel for an external fire if a cell failure occurs. Lithium batteries have the potential to ignite spontaneously or experience an uncontrolled temperature and pressure increase, resulting in propagation to adjacent cells.

9.2.    Pursuant to 23.2325, 23.2330, 25/27/29.853, 25/27/29.863, and 25.869, aircraft battery equipment must meet the flammability requirements of that ensure the protection of structure and critical systems. Test the materials to ensure they meet applicable certification requirements.

9.3.    Pursuant to Part 25, Appendix F, the FAA Aircraft Materials Fire Test Handbook, DOT/FAA/AR-00/12 Chapters 1 through 10 and Chapter 15, describes an acceptable method of compliance for material Test Criteria and Procedures. Pursuant to 25.856(a), Appendix F, Part VI, Amendment 25-111, provides the criteria for using exposed thermal and acoustic insulation material as part of the battery equipment. Refer to the test methods described by AC 25.856-1, Thermal/Acoustic Insulation Flame Propagation Test Method Details.

10.    Instructions for Continued Airworthiness (ICA)

10.1.    During the certification process of the lithium batteries, complete the ICA in accordance with the following:

10.1.1.    Section 21.50(b)

10.1.2.    Sections 23/25/27/29.1529

10.1.3.    Sections 25.1709 and 25.1729

10.1.4.    Part 23, appendix A, Part 27/29 appendix A, part 25 appendix H

10.1.5.    FAA Order 8110.54, Instructions for Continued Airworthiness, Responsibilities, Requirements, and Contents.

10.2.    Develop the ICA so it is compatible with other maintenance instructions for the aircraft.

10.3.    Refer to Chapter 3 of this Annex for additional details specific to the maintenance of lithium batteries on aircraft.

10.4.    The ICA should also include, but not limited to, the following information:

10.4.1.    Specifics of the lithium battery installation, including individual component part numbers and any other unique installation requirements

10.4.2.    Electrical wiring diagrams/schematics, electrical equipment drawings

10.4.3.    Configuration control, storage instructions.

10.5.    The ICA must contain the recommended battery manufacturer’s maintenance and inspection requirements to ensure the batteries whose function is required for safe operation of the aircraft will function when installed in the aircraft. The ICA must contain:

10.5.1.    Operating instructions and equipment limitations in an installation maintenance manual.

10.5.2.    Installation procedures and limitations sufficient to ensure cells or batteries, when installed according to the installation procedures, still meet the airworthiness requirements of the aircraft. The limitations must identify any unique aspects of the installation.

10.5.3.    Maintenance requirements for measurements of battery capacity at appropriate intervals to ensure the batteries whose function is required for safe operation of the aircraft will perform their intended function when installed in the aircraft.

10.5.4.    Scheduled servicing information to replace batteries at the battery manufacturer’s recommended replacement time.

10.5.5.    Maintenance and inspection requirements to visually check for battery and/or charger degradation.

10.5.6.    Maintenance instructions, basic control and operation, testing, servicing, maintenance schedule, inspection, troubleshooting, removing and replacing parts, repairs, special tools, fixtures and equipment, component manual.

10.6.    The ICA should also contain maintenance procedures for lithium batteries in spares storage to prevent the replacement of batteries with batteries that have experienced degraded charge retention ability or other damage due to prolonged storage.

10.7.    The ICA must contain instructions to replace batteries based on the battery manufacturer maintenance manual. Replacement of individual cells within a lithium battery must be approved by the battery manufacturer and the DASA. Do not mix cells from different manufactures within a lithium battery, unless an alternate means proposed by the OEM and approved by the DASA exists.

CHAPTER 3 - MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR LITHIUM BATTERIES

1.    Introduction. Lithium batteries can be hazardous if not maintained and handled properly. This chapter provides guidance for maintenance considerations for aircraft lithium batteries.

2.    Aircraft Battery Maintenance. Follow each battery manufacturer’s maintenance and inspection requirements for their specific aircraft lithium battery. In-service performance of lithium batteries for a given installation will depend on several factors that include but are not limited to the following: 

2.1.    Lithium Battery Chemistry. The electrolyte used in lithium batteries can be a highly reactive substance, and care must be observed in maintaining the lithium batteries in accordance with the OEM maintenance manual.

2.2.    Age. To determine the life and age of the lithium battery, record the installation date of the battery. During normal battery maintenance, document battery age in either the aircraft maintenance log or the shop maintenance log. Do not keep batteries in service longer than recommended by the battery manufacturer.

2.3.    State of Charge. State of charge of the lithium battery is determined by the cumulative effect of discharging the battery. Therefore, safeguards must be implemented to ensure the aircraft does not begin flight with a battery not sufficiently charged to accomplish its intended function.

2.4.    State of Health. Determine the state of health of the lithium battery by recording the following:

2.4.1.    Length of time the battery has been in service.

2.4.2.    The State of Charge of the battery. The output of this function may be used for dispatch or maintenance purposes.

2.4.3.    Any activation of temporary safety devices such as resettable fuses or positive temperature coefficient (PTC), if present in the design.

2.5.    Mechanical Integrity. To ensure proper mechanical integrity, the battery must be installed and connected correctly and be free of any physical damage. The build-up of explosive gases can be avoided by incorporating positive battery and battery compartment venting systems. Check periodically to ensure the venting system is securely connected and oriented in accordance with the maintenance manual’s installation procedures. Follow the procedures approved for the specific aircraft and battery system to ensure the battery system is capable of delivering specified performance. The venting system should take into account specific installation requirements of the aircraft.

2.6.    Shop-Level Maintenance Procedures. Shop procedures must follow the battery manufacturer’s recommendations.

2.7.    Aircraft Battery Inspection. Evidence of battery failure can sometimes be detected by a general visual inspection. Battery manufacturer-recommended inspections should include, but not be limited to, the following actions:

2.7.1.    Inspect battery terminals and all other connections for evidence of corrosion, pitting, arcing, and burns. Clean as required.

2.7.2.    Inspect the battery for improper installation (loose terminal screws, battery terminal links, or connector).

2.7.3.    Inspect the battery mounting.

2.7.4.    Inspect for evidence of physical damage.

2.8.    Prior to installation on aircraft batteries in a rotable stock (which are parts and components that are easily exchanged between product) must be functionally checked at the battery manufacturer’s recommended inspection intervals. Some failure modes may include degraded charge retention capability, settling of particulates, or other damage due to prolonged storage.

3.    Aircraft Battery Replacement

3.1.    Make sure replacement batteries are in airworthy condition. Refer to the battery manufacturer maintenance manuals for proper maintenance of lithium batteries. Refer to the aircraft maintenance procedures for replacement of lithium batteries.

3.2.    The ICA should include the battery manufacturer’s requirements for the battery mandatory replacement schedule and periodic maintenance.

3.3.    Installation of lithium batteries differs from aircraft system to aircraft system. Refer to the applicable aircraft manuals to remove and install batteries.

3.4.    When replacing batteries, check for corrosion and moisture on the battery interfaces.

3.5.    The maintenance record should reflect all battery replacements. Record the expiration date of the battery.

3.6.    The lithium batteries should be replaced with an approved battery for the specific aircraft application.

3.7.    Deep discharge may result in potential unsafe condition. Replace the battery based on the battery manufacturer’s recommendation.

4.    Aircraft Battery Storage and Handling

4.1.    Follow the battery manufacturer’s recommended storage procedures that will permit users to achieve the best results from their batteries.

4.2.    Storage requirements vary with the battery type. Record the date of 100% state of charge and, if the battery is not used within the battery manufacturer’s recommended interval, service the battery per the battery manufacturer’s recommendation.

4.3.    Handling procedures and precautions vary with battery size and configuration. Follow the battery manufacturer’s recommendation to prevent mishandling of the battery.

4.4.    Follow the battery manufacturer’s recommendation procedure to prevent electrostatic discharge during storage and handling.

4.5.    For packaging and shipping, follow the battery manufacturer’s recommended procedures.

4.6.    Check batteries before use for any leakage or deformity. Do not use the batteries if there is any evidence of leakage or deformity.

4.7.    Aircraft vibration and/or contact oxidation can result in poor electrical connections. Ensure proper connector maintenance procedures are followed.

4.8.    Observe the following precautions when handling lithium batteries:

4.8.1.    Do not store lithium batteries with other hazardous or combustible materials.

4.8.2.    Do not heat or incinerate lithium batteries.

4.8.3.    Do not dispose of lithium batteries with other waste unless allowed by applicable regulations.

4.8.4.    Use special care in handling lithium batteries. Do not open, puncture, crush, disassemble, or subject batteries to physical abuse.

4.9.    Lithium batteries can be a personal safety hazard due to the possibility of lethal shock and must be labelled to clearly indicate the hazard.

4.10.    Follow all battery manufacturer’s recommended safety precautions and procedures.

4.11.    Material Safety Data Sheets must be enclosed with lithium batteries for shipping.

4.12.    Wear protective clothing before handling and disposing of lithium batteries.

Appendices:

A.    Related Regulations and Documents

B.    Terms and Definitions

C.    Previously Issued Non-rechargeable Lithium Battery Special Conditions for Transport Airplanes

D.    Guidance for Installing Non-rechargeable Lithium Batteries on Transport Airplanes

E.    Safety Objectives and MoC for Installation of Non-rechargeable Lithium Batteries on Rotorcraft

F.    Certification Considerations of Non-rechargeable Lithium Batteries on Small Airplanes